Ofcom is investigating the provider of Teen-Chat.org for potential breaches of the UK Online Safety Act 2023. The investigation will determine whether the provider has failed or is failing to comply with its duties under the Act, specifically: the completion of a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment covering Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (CSEA) risks; and compliance with the illegal content safety duties.

Ofcom is investigating the provider of Chat-Avenue.com for potential breaches of the UK Online Safety Act 2023. The investigation will determine whether the provider has failed or is failing to comply with its duties under the Act, specifically: the completion of suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessments, children's access assessments, and children's risk assessments; compliance with the illegal content safety duties; and compliance with the protection of children duties, including the use of highly effective age assurance measures to protect children from harmful content on the service.

Ofcom has opened an investigation into Telegram Messenger Inc., the provider of Telegram, to determine whether it has failed, or is failing, to comply with the Illegal Content Duties in respect of Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM). The investigation follows evidence of the alleged presence and sharing of CSAM on the platform, gathered from Ofcom's own assessment and from the Canadian Centre for Child Protection.

Ofcom is investigating the provider of two image board services into whether it has complied with its duties: - to complete, and keep a record of, an illegal content risk assessment pursuant to section 9 of the Act; and - to implement appropriate measures to prevent individuals from encountering priority illegal content, and effectively mitigate and manage the risk of the service being used for priority offences, pursuant to section 10 of the Act; and - in respect of terms of service pursuant to section 10 of the Act, - in respect of content reporting pursuant to section 20 of the Act; and - in respect of complaints procedures pursuant to section 21 of the Act.

Ofcom has opened an investigation into Reply Buzzer Ltd in relation to the following adult services which it operates: 4kpornxxx, crazyporn.xxx, hoes.tube, and love4porn.com. Ofcom’s investigation will examine whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that the provider has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under section 12 of the Act, to prevent children from encountering pornographic content through the use of highly effective age assurance.

Ofcom raised concerns about the suitability and sufficiency of Snap’s ICRA record for Snapchat and notified Snap that it was conducting an Initial Assessment to consider whether enforcement action was appropriate. Following this notification, Snap provided assurances, including from senior management, that it would undertake a full and meaningful review of its ICRA. As part of its compliance remediation, Snap comprehensively reassessed the risk levels across all identified harms and submitted a revised ICRA record for Snapchat on 1 December 2025. Having reviewed the revised record, Ofcom identified significant and meaningful improvements to Snap’s risk assessment and have therefore closed this period of compliance remediation without taking further action at this time.

Ofcom is investigating whether Novi Ltd has failed/is failing to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023, including its obligation to protect children from encountering pornographic content through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 15 January 2026, Ofcom has announced that it had published a non-confidential version of the Confirmation Decision issued to AVS Group Ltd on 3 December 2025 under OSA 2023.

Following widespread reports that a Grok model on X is/was being used to generate and share content that may amount to intimate image abuse, CSAM and pornography that is accessible to children, Ofcom is investigating whether the provider of X, XIUC, has failed/is failing to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 in respect of its: 1) Duties to carry out a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment; 2) Safety duties about illegal content; 3) Duties to carry out a suitable and sufficient children’s risk assessment; and 4) Safety duties protecting children.

On 3 February 2026, Ofcom has set out the next steps in its investigation into X, and the limitations of the UK’s Online Safety Act in relation to AI chatbots. The week after launching the investigation, Ofcom sent legally binding information requests to X to and further requests continue to be sent. Ofcom is gathering and analysing evidence to determine whether X has broken the law, including using our formal information-gathering powers.

Ofcom is investigating whether the provider of www.xxbrits.com (‘XXBrits’) has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

Ofcom is investigating whether the provider of www.porntrex.com (‘Porntrex’) has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 12 February 2026, Ofcom announced that it had not received a response to the formal information notice sent to the platform provider under section 100 of the OSA. Ofcom therefore expanded its investigation to consider whether Porntrex has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice sent under the OSA.

Ofcom is investigating whether the provider of hqporner.com (‘Hqporner’) has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

Ofcom is investigating whether the provider of fapello.com (‘Fapello’) has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

Ofcom is investigating whether Sun Social Media Inc has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 15 January 2026, Ofcom has expanded this investigation to include one further adult service operated by Sun Social Media Inc. (pornflip.com).

Ofcom is investigating ZD Media s.r.o. has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

Ofcom is investigating whether Youngtek Solutions Ltd has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 11 February 2026, Ofcom issued a provisional notice of contravention to Youngtek Solutions under section 130 of the OSA, having provisionally determined that there are reasonable grounds to believe Youngtek Solutions has failed to comply with section 12 of the OSA.

Ofcom is investigating whether Web Prime Inc has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 31 March 2026, Ofcom announced it had expanded its investigation into Web Prime Inc after the company failed to respond to a formal information notice issued on 18 February 2026 under section 100 of the Online Safety Act. The expanded investigation will now include considering whether Web Prime Inc has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice sent under the Act.

Ofcom is investigating whether the provider of www.xgroovy.com has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 20 November, Ofcom expanded the scope of the investigation to assess whether the platform also failed to adequately respond to Ofcom’s formal requests for information.

Ofcom is investigating whether Cyberitic, LLC has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 20 November, Ofcom expanded the scope of the investigation to assess whether the platform also failed to adequately respond to Ofcom’s formal requests for information.

Ofcom is investigating whether Trendio Ltd has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 19 November 2025, Ofcom closed its investigation into Trendio Ltd in relation to the adult sites www.theyarehuge.com, www.tranny.one, www. ah-me.com, www. ashemale.one, www. bdsm.one, www.bemyhole.com, www.gaygo.tv, www.gayxo.com, www.shemale.pub, www.sunporno.com, and www.yesvids.com. In response to Ofcom's investigation, Trendio Ltd provided information indicating that it had taken steps in good faith towards compliance by the deadline. As such, Ofcom did not consider it appropriate to continue the investigation and closed its investigation without making any findings as to Trendio Ltd’s compliance with its duties, either currently or prior to its confirmation that it had taken steps to comply with the Act.

Ofcom is investigating whether Kick Online Entertainment S.A has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 31 March 2026, Ofcom published a non-confidential version of its Confirmation Decision, which was issued to Kick Online Entertainment S.A. on 11 February 2026 under the Online Safety Act, following its investigation into Kick Online Entertainment S.A.’s compliance with its duties to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its websites through the use of highly effective age assurance, and to respond to a request for information.

Ofcom is investigating whether Duplanto Ltd has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 30 March 2026, Ofcom closed its investigation into Duplanto Ltd, the operator of the adult site www.pornhaven.ai. Shortly after the requirement for adult sites to implement highly effective age assurance measures came into force, Duplanto Ltd restricted access to its service for users with UK IP addresses, reducing the likelihood that children in the UK will be exposed to pornographic content on its service. Ofcom therefore determined that enforcement action was no longer an administrative priority and closed the case without making any findings as to Duplanto's compliance.

Ofcom is investigating whether AVS Group Ltd has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 13 October, Ofcom provisionally determined that AVS Group Ltd has failed, and is failing, to comply with section 12 of the Online Safety Act. Section 12 imposes a duty on providers of services to ensure that children are prevented from encountering pornographic content through the use of highly effective age assurance. The notice also sets out our provisional view that AVS Group Ltd has infringed its duties under section 102(8) of the Act by failing to respond to a statutory request for information issued as part of the investigation.

Ofcom imposed a fine of £1,000,000 as each of the AVS Group websites either: did not implement any age assurance measures; or implemented measures that were not highly effective at determining whether a user was a child. In particular, AVS Group Ltd deployed a photo upload check on its services that does not include liveness detection and as such is vulnerable to circumvention by children (for example, by uploading a photo of an adult).

On 9 March 2026, Ofcom published an update on its enforcement action against AVS Group Ltd, which, on 3 December 2025, received a Confirmation Decision imposing penalties of £1 million and £50,000 for contraventions of sections 12 and 102(8) of the Online Safety Act, respectively, along with daily penalties for ongoing non-compliance. AVS Group Ltd subsequently introduced age assurance measures across all 18 websites under investigation. As a result, Ofcom confirmed on 8 January 2026 that the total daily penalty for the section 12 breach was £8,000. In relation to the section 102(8) breach, the maximum accrual period ended on 1 February 2026, and Ofcom confirmed on 13 February 2026 that the total daily penalty was £18,000. The deadlines for payment of the single penalties and the section 12 daily penalty have now passed without payment, and Ofcom is considering next steps for recovery. AVS Group Ltd has until 1 April 2026 to pay the section 102(8) daily penalty.

Ofcom is investigating whether 8579 LLC has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 31 March 2026, Ofcom published a non-confidential version of its Confirmation Decision, which was issued to 8579 LLC on 20 February 2026 under the Online Safety Act, following its investigation into 8579 LLC's failure to comply with its duties to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its websites through the use of highly effective age assurance, and to respond to a request for information.

Ofcom is investigating whether the service failed to: respond to a statutory information request; complete a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment; make and keep a record of this assessment; and comply with the safety duties about illegal content which apply in relation to regulated user-to-user services.

Ofcom is investigating whether the service failed to: respond to a statutory information request; complete a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment; make and keep a record of this assessment; and comply with the safety duties about illegal content which apply in relation to regulated user-to-user services.

On 13 October 2025, Ofcom closed its investigation into the provider of Nippyspace’s compliance with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023. On or around 15 June 2025, shortly after Ofcom informed the service provider that it had opened its investigation, Nippyspace became unavailable to people in the UK and, to Ofcom's knowledge, more widely. Taking this into account, it was no longer an administrative priority for Ofcom to pursue enforcement action.

Ofcom is investigating whether the services failed to: respond to a statutory information request; complete a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment; make and keep a record of this assessment; and comply with the safety duties about illegal content which apply in relation to regulated user-to-user services.

On 13 October 2025, Ofcom closed its investigation into the provider of Nippyshare's compliance with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023. On or around 15 June 2025, shortly after Ofcom informed the service provider that it had opened its investigation, Nippyshare became unavailable to people in the UK and, to Ofcom's knowledge, more widely. Taking this into account, it was no longer an administrative priority for Ofcom to pursue enforcement action.

Ofcom is investigating whether the services failed to: respond to a statutory information request; complete a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment; make and keep a record of this assessment; and comply with the safety duties about illegal content which apply in relation to regulated user-to-user services.

On 13 October 2025, Ofcom closed its investigation into the provider of Nippydrive's compliance with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023. On or around 15 June 2025, shortly after Ofcom informed the service provider that it had opened its investigation, Nippydrive became unavailable to people in the UK and, to Ofcom's knowledge, more widely. Taking this into account, it was no longer an administrative priority for Ofcom to pursue enforcement action.

Ofcom is investigating whether the service failed to: respond to a statutory information request; complete a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment; make and keep a record of this assessment; and comply with the safety duties about illegal content which apply in relation to regulated user-to-user services.

On 12 February 2026, Ofcom closed its investigation into the provider of Nippybox’s compliance with its duties under the OSA as the provider had became unavailable to people in the UK.

Ofcom is investigating whether the service failed to: respond to a statutory information request; complete a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment; make and keep a record of this assessment; and comply with the safety duties about illegal content which apply in relation to regulated user-to-user services.

On 13 October 2025, Ofcom closed its investigation into the provider of Krakenfiles’s compliance with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023. On 25 July 2025, Ofcom became aware that the provider of Krakenfiles had taken steps to restrict users with UK IP addresses from accessing the service. This reduced the likelihood that people in the UK will be exposed to illegal or harmful content that may be present on the service, meaning safer online experiences for them. Having actively monitored the website since 25 July 2025, Ofcom closed this investigation as it was no longer an administrative priority to pursue enforcement action in line with Ofcom's general approach to enforcement.

Ofcom has determined that the provider of the Im.ge Service breached its duty under the Online Safety Act to comply with statutory information requests on two occasions. Ofcom therefore imposed a fixed penalty of £20,000 in respect of both breaches. The provider is also required to take immediate steps to comply with section 102(8) by supplying the information requested, including a copy of its Illegal Content Risk Assessment record and details of its qualifying worldwide revenue.

On 12 February 2026, Ofcom issued the provider of Im.ge with a provisional notice of contravention. Ofcom considers that there are reasonable grounds for believing that the provider of the Im.ge service has contravened its duties under section 9(2) to carry out a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment.