Ofcom has opened an investigation into TikTok Information Technologies UK Limited to assess whether it has failed, or is failing, to comply with certain duties under section 12 of the Online Safety Act 2023, which require providers of regulated user-to-user services likely to be accessed by children to protect them from harmful content. The investigation will focus in particular on whether TikTok's age assurance measures are highly effective at correctly determining whether or not a particular user is a child.

On 16 June 2026, Ofcom opened an investigation into Bit Hive in relation to its adult service, Eporner.com to examine whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that Bit Hive has failed, or is failing, to comply with the section 12 duties under the Online Safety Act, which requires providers to prevent children from encountering pornographic content by implementing highly effective age assurance. The investigation will also examine whether Bit Hive has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under section 36 of the Act relating to children’s access assessments.

On 12 May 2026, Ofcom opened an investigation into kemono.cr to examine whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that the provider has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 9 July 2026, Ofcom expanded its investigation to consider whether the provider of kemono.cr has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice issued on 27 May 2026 under the Act.

Ofcom is investigating whether the provider of pimpbunny.com has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

Ofcom is investigating the provider of Chat-Avenue.com for potential breaches of the UK Online Safety Act 2023. The investigation will determine whether the provider has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Act, in respect of the following: - Completion of a suitable and sufficient Illegal content risk assessment, particularly in relation to child sexual exploitation and abuse (‘CSEA’) risks. - Completion of a children’s access assessment and a suitable and sufficient children’s risk assessment. - Making and keeping an appropriate record of these risk assessments. - Compliance with the illegal content safety duties applicable to regulated user-to-user services, including duties relating to prevention and mitigation of priority illegal content; effective content moderation and reporting mechanisms; and systems and processes to protect child users from illegal harm. - Compliance with the protection of children duties, including using highly effective age verification or age estimation (or both) to prevent children from encountering certain types of harmful content where identified on the service. - Failure to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice sent under the Act. - Compliance with its obligations relating to the reporting of UK-linked child sexual exploitation and abuse content.

On 20 August 2026, Ofcom expanded its investigation into the provider of Chat-Avenue.com, which is currently ChatAveCom LLC. Following a review of information provided by the provider in response to a statutory information notice issued under section 100 of the Online Safety Act, Ofcom decided to expand the scope of its investigation to consider whether the provider complied with Section 102(8) of the Act in relation to information provided to Ofcom during the investigation, and whether the provider has complied with its obligations under Section 66 of the Act relating to the reporting of UK-linked child sexual exploitation and abuse content.

Ofcom is investigating the provider of Teen-Chat.org for potential breaches of the UK Online Safety Act 2023. The investigation will determine whether the provider has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Act, in respect of the following: - Completion of a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment, particularly in relation to child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA) risks. - Compliance with the illegal content safety duties applicable to regulated user‑to‑user services, including duties relating to prevention and mitigation of priority illegal content; effective content moderation and reporting mechanisms; and systems and processes to protect child users from illegal harm. - Failure to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice sent under the Act. - Compliance with its obligations relating to the reporting of UK-linked child sexual exploitation and abuse content.

On 20 August 2026, Ofcom expanded its investigation into the provider of Teen-Chat.org. Following a review of information provided by the provider in response to a statutory information notice issued under Section 100 of the Online Safety Act, Ofcom decided to expand the scope of its investigation to consider whether the provider complied with Section 102(8) of the Act in relation to information provided to Ofcom during the investigation, and whether the provider complied with its obligations under Section 66 of the Act relating to the reporting of UK-linked child sexual exploitation and abuse content.

Ofcom is investigating whether the provider of Telegram, Telegram Messenger Inc. has failed, or is failing, to comply with its illegal content safety duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 in respect of Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM). The investigation follows evidence of the alleged presence and sharing of CSAM on the platform, gathered from Ofcom's own assessment of the platform and from the Canadian Centre for Child Protection.

Ofcom is investigating whether a provider of two image board services has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to: - complete and keep a record of a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment; and - comply with the safety duties about illegal content, as well as the duties relating to content reporting, complaints procedures, and terms of service, that apply to regulated user-to-user services.

Ofcom is investigating whether Reply Buzzer Ltd has failed, or is failing, in relation to the following adult services which it operates: 4kpornxxx, crazyporn.xxx, hoes.tube, and love4porn.com, to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its services through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 27 May 2026, Ofcom expanded its investigation to include consideration of whether Reply Buzzer Ltd has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond to an information notice sent on 19 March 2026 under Section 100 of the Act.

Ofcom is investigating whether Novi Ltd, has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023, including its obligation to protect children from encountering pornographic content through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 31 July 2026, Ofcom closed its investigation into Novi Ltd in relation to the service Joi.com, which it operates. During Ofcom's investigation, Novi Ltd implemented age assurance measures on Joi.com after which Ofcom considered that it is no longer an administrative priority to pursue enforcement action. Ofcom has therefore closed its investigation without making any findings as to Novi Ltd's compliance with its duties under the Act.

After reviewing Snap's illegal content risk assessment record (ICRA), Ofcom raised concerns about the suitability and sufficiency of Snap’s assessment and notified Snap that it was conducting an Initial Assessment to consider whether enforcement action was appropriate. Following this notification, Snap gave assurances to Ofcom, including from senior management, that it was willing to conduct a full and meaningful review and revision of its ICRA in respect of Snapchat. As part of its compliance remediation, Snap comprehensively reassessed the risk levels across all identified harms and submitted a revised ICRA record for Snapchat on 1 December 2025. Having reviewed the revised record, Ofcom identified significant and meaningful change to Snap’s risk assessment and have therefore closed this period of compliance remediation without taking further action at this time.

This investigation is with respect to the service, X. Following widespread reports that a Grok model on X is/was being used to generate and share content that may amount to intimate image abuse, CSAM and pornography that is accessible to children, Ofcom is investigating whether the provider of X, XIUC, has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 in respect of its duties to carry out a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment, safety duties about illegal content; duties to carry out a suitable and sufficient children’s risk assessment, and safety duties protecting children.

On 3 February 2026, Ofcom set out the next steps in its investigation into X, and the limitations of the UK’s Online Safety Act in relation to AI chatbots. The week after launching the investigation, Ofcom sent legally binding information requests to X, to make sure it has the information needed from the company, and further requests continue to be sent. Ofcom is gathering and analysing evidence to determine whether X has broken the law, including using its formal information-gathering powers. Feb 3 update: https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/investigation-into-x-and-scope-of-the-online-safety-act

Ofcom is investigating whether the provider of fapello.com (‘Fapello’) has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 18 August 2026, Ofcom published a non-confidential version of the Confirmation Decision that it issued to the provider of fapello.com in July 2026 under the UK OSA. On 9 July 2026, Ofcom issued the provider of Fapello.com with a Confirmation Decision in relation to its failure to comply with section 12 of the Act and its failure to comply with a statutory information request. Ofcom imposed a penalty of £600,000 for the contravention of section 12 and a penalty of £30,000 for the breach of section 102(8)(a). Further note: Since Ofcom instigated formal enforcement action against this provider, it has geoblocked access from UK IP addresses, meaning the service is no longer directly available to people in the UK. On 12 May 2026, Ofcom provisionally determined that there were reasonable grounds to believe that the provider of Fapello.com had failed to comply with section 12 of the Online Safety Act 2023. Ofcom therefore issued a provisional notice of contravention to the provider on 12 May 2026 under section 130 of the Act. On 12 February 2026, Ofcom expanded its investigation into the provider of Fapello.com to consider whether it had failed, or was failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice issued on 12 December 2025 under section 100 of the Online Safety Act.

Ofcom is investigating whether the provider of hqporner.com (‘Hqporner’) has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

Ofcom is investigating whether the provider of www.porntrex.com (‘Porntrex’) has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 12 February 2026, Ofcom expanded its investigation to consider whether Porntrex (provider of porntrex.com and porntrex.tv) has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice sent under the OSA, following Porntrex's failure to respond to the formal information notice issued by Ofcom under Section 100 of the OSA. The formal information notice was issued on 17 December 2025.

Ofcom is investigating whether Sun Social Media Inc. has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on the adult services it operates (www.playvids.com and www.peekvids.com), through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 17 June 2026, Ofcom expanded its investigation into Sun Social Media Inc to include an additional in-scope pornographic website, pornoeggs.com, alongside the three sites already under review. The investigation concerns Sun Social Media Inc’s compliance with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content through the use of highly effective age assurance. On 12 February 2026, Ofcom expanded its investigation again to consider whether Sun Social Media Inc. has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice sent on 23 December 2025, under Section 100 of the Online Safety Act. On 15 January 2026, Ofcom expanded this investigation to include one further adult service operated by Sun Social Media Inc. (pornflip.com).

Ofcom is investigating whether the provider of www.xxbrits.com (‘XXBrits’) has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 12 February 2025, Ofcom expanded this investigation to include considering whether XXBrits has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice sent under the Act. The formal information notice was issued by Ofcom to the provider of xxbrits.com; xxbrits.co.uk; xxbrits.to; xxbrits.su; xxbrits.st; xxbrits.win; xxbrits.ch; xxbrits.party; xxbrits.tube; xxbrits.cr; xxbrits.ru; xxbrits.mx; xxbrits.tv; and xxbrits.lol (‘XXBrits’) under section 100 of the Online Safety Act.

On 17 March 2025, Ofcom opened an enforcement programme to assess the measures being taken by providers of file-sharing and file-storage services that present particular risks of harm to UK users from image-based CSAM to ensure users do not encounter, and offenders are not able to disseminate, such content on their services. Ofcom's analysis of 1Fichier raised concerns as to whether the service provider, DStorage, was taking appropriate measures to ensure that users in the UK were prevented from encountering and sharing image-based CSAM on its service 1Fichier. In particular, Ofcom was concerned about whether it had completed a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment, and whether it had implemented appropriate measures - especially perceptual hash matching technology - to effectively mitigate and manage the risk of the service being used for the commission or facilitation of offences related to child sexual exploitation and abuse.

Following Ofcom's engagement, DStorage agreed to review and revise its illegal content risk assessment and took steps to reassess the level of risk it had assigned to the likelihood of its service being used for the storage and/or dissemination of image-based CSAM. Ofcom also worked closely with DStorage to implement an appropriate perceptual hash matching solution on 1Fichier. Considering DStorage’s constructive approach to engaging with Ofcom, Ofcom decided to close this period of compliance remediation with DStorage and take no further action at this time.

On 17 March 2025, Ofcom opened an enforcement programme to assess the measures being taken by providers of file-sharing and file-storage services that present particular risks of harm to UK users from image-based CSAM to ensure users do not encounter, and offenders are not able to disseminate, such content on their services. Ofcom's analysis of Gofile raised concerns as to whether the service provider, Wojtek, was taking appropriate measures to ensure that users in the UK were prevented from encountering and sharing image-based CSAM on its service Gofile. In particular, Ofcom was concerned about whether it had completed a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment, and whether it had implemented appropriate measures - especially perceptual hash matching technology - to effectively mitigate and manage the risk of the service being used for the commission or facilitation of offences related to child sexual exploitation and abuse.

Following Ofcom's engagement, Wojtek agreed to review and revise its illegal content risk assessment and took steps to reassess the level of risk it had assigned to the likelihood of its service being used for the storage and/or dissemination of image-based CSAM. Ofcom also worked closely with Wojtek to implement an appropriate perceptual hash matching solution on Gofile. Considering Wojtek's constructive approach to engaging with Ofcom, Ofcom decided to close this period of compliance remediation with Wojtek and take no further action at this time.

Ofcom is investigating whether Cyberitic, LLC has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance. Ofcom is also investigating whether Cyberitic, LLC has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice sent under the Act.

On 20 November 2025, Ofcom expanded the scope of the investigation to include a consideration of whether Cyberitic, LLC has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice sent under the Act, following Cyberitic, LLC's failure to respond to the formal information notice issued by Ofcom on 10 September 2025 under section 100 of the Online Safety Act.

Ofcom is investigating whether Web Prime Inc has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 31 March 2026, Ofcom expanded its investigation into Web Prime Inc to consider whether Web Prime Inc has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice sent on 18 February 2026 under section 100 of the Act.

Ofcom is investigating whether the provider of www.xgroovy.com has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its services through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 16 June 2026, Ofcom issued a provisional notice of contravention to the provider of Xgroovy.com, having provisionally determined that there were reasonable grounds to believe the service had breached section 12 of the Online Safety Act 2023 by failing to use highly effective age assurance measures to prevent children from encountering pornographic content. Ofcom also provisionally found that the provider had breached section 102(8) of the Online Safety Act by failing to comply with a statutory information request. The provider has 20 working days to make representations before a final decision is made. On 13 May 2026, Ofcom expanded the scope of its investigation to consider whether the provider of Xgroovy.com has failed, or is failing, to comply with the requirements of the information notice reissued on 30 March 2026 under the Online Safety Act. On 20 November 2025, Ofcom expanded its investigation to consider whether the provider of Xgroovy.com has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice issued on 23 September 2025 under section 100 of the Act.

Ofcom is investigating whether Youngtek Solutions Ltd has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its services through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 17 June 2026, Ofcom published a non-confidential version of the Confirmation Decision that was issued to Youngtek Solutions Ltd in May 2026 under the Online Safety Act 2023. On 27 May 2026, Ofcom issued a Confirmation Decision to Youngtek Solutions Ltd in relation to its failures to comply with sections 12 and 102(8) of the Online Safety Act. Ofcom imposed a £500,000 penalty for the contravention of section 12, for failing to use highly effective age assurance to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on four of its sites, and a £100,000 penalty for failing to comply with a statutory information request issued during the investigation. On 12 February 2025, Ofcom provisionally determined that there were reasonable grounds to believe that Youngtek Solutions Ltd had failed to comply with section 12 of the Online Safety Act 2023. On 13 October 2025, Ofcom expanded its investigation to consider whether Youngtek Solutions Ltd has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice issued on 10 September 2025 under section 100 of the Online Safety Act.

Ofcom is investigating whether ZD Media s.r.o. in relation to the following adult services it operates — www.hello.porn, www.homo.xxx, www.max.porn, www.ok.porn, www.ok.xxx, www.perfectgirls.xxx, www.pin.porn, www.pornhat.com, www.pornhat.one and www.pornstars.tube — has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

Ofcom is investigating whether 8579 LLC has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance. Ofcom is also investigating whether 8579 LLC has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice sent under the Act.

On 31 March 2026, Ofcom published a non-confidential version of its Confirmation Decision, which was issued to 8579 LLC on 20 February 2026 under the Online Safety Act, following its investigation into 8579 LLC's failure to comply with its duties to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its websites through the use of highly effective age assurance and to respond to a request for information. On 23 February 2026, Ofcom announced that it had issued 8579 LLC with a Confirmation Decision in relation to its failure to comply with section 12 of the Act and its failure to comply with a statutory information request. Ofcom imposed a penalty of £1,350,000 in respect of the contravention of section 12. In addition, a daily rate penalty of £1,000 per day was to be imposed from 23 February 2026 until the section 12 duty was complied with, or 3 June 2026, whichever was sooner. Although the scope of Ofcom's investigation also included the services 4kporn.xxx and 429.xxx, following a possible change in provider prior to Ofcom issuing its Provisional Decision—from 8579 LLC to Reply Buzzer Ltd—Ofcom did not make findings in relation to either site in its final decision. On 20 November 2025, Ofcom provisionally determined that there were reasonable grounds to believe that 8579 LLC had failed, and was failing, to comply with section 12 of the Online Safety Act. On 11 September 2025, Ofcom expanded its investigation to include consideration of whether 8579 LLC had failed, or was failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice issued under the Act. Ofcom also added two further adult services operated by 8579 LLC, www.justpornflix.com and www.429.xxx, to the scope of its investigation into whether 8579 LLC had failed, or was failing, to comply with its duties under section 12 of the Act.

Ofcom is investigating whether AVS Group Ltd has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance. Ofcom is also investigating whether AVS Group Ltd has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice sent under the Act.

On 9 March 2026, Ofcom confirmed that AVS Group Ltd had taken steps to implement highly effective age assurance across all 18 websites, resulting in a final daily penalty of £8,000 for the section 12 breach. Ofcom also confirmed a final daily penalty of £18,000 for the section 102(8) breach, which is due to be paid by 1 April 2026. The £1.05 million in initial penalties and the £8,000 daily penalty remain unpaid, and Ofcom is considering recovery action. On 15 January 2026, Ofcom published a non-confidential version of the Confirmation Decision issued to AVS Group Ltd on 3 December 2025 under the Online Safety Act 2023. On 4 December 2025, Ofcom issued AVS Group Ltd with a Confirmation Decision in relation to its failure to comply with section 12 of the Act and its failure to comply with a statutory information request. Ofcom therefore imposed a penalty of £1 million for the contravention of section 12, together with a daily penalty of £1,000 per day starting from 6 December 2025 until the section 12 duty is complied with or 16 March 2026, whichever is sooner. Ofcom also imposed a penalty of £50,000 on AVS Group Ltd for the contravention of section 102(8), together with a daily penalty of £300 per day starting from 4 December 2025 until the section 102(8) duty is complied with or 1 February 2026, whichever is sooner. On 13 October 2025, Ofcom provisionally determined that there were reasonable grounds to believe AVS Group Ltd had failed, and was failing, to comply with section 12 of the Online Safety Act. On 30 July 2025, Ofcom expanded the investigation to include consideration of whether AVS Group Ltd has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice sent on 30 July 2025 under section 100 of the Act.

Ofcom is investigating whether Duplanto Ltd has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 30 March 2026, Ofcom closed its investigation into Duplanto Ltd, the operator of the adult site www.pornhaven.ai. Shortly after the requirement for adult sites to implement highly effective age assurance measures came into force, Duplanto Ltd restricted access to its service for people with UK IP addresses, reducing the likelihood that children in the UK will be exposed to pornographic content present on its service. Ofcom therefore determined that enforcement action was no longer an administrative priority and closed the case without making any findings as to Duplanto's compliance with its duties.

Ofcom is investigating whether Kick Online Entertainment S.A has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance. Ofcom is also investigating whether Kick Online Entertainment S.A. has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice sent under the Act.

On 31 March 2026, Ofcom published a non-confidential version of its Confirmation Decision, which was issued to Kick Online Entertainment S.A. on 11 February 2026 under the Online Safety Act. On 12 February 2026, Ofcom issued Kick Online with a Confirmation Decision in relation to its failure to comply with section 12 of the Act and its failure to comply with a statutory information request. Ofcom therefore imposed a penalty of £800,000 in respect of its contravention of section 12, a penalty of £30,000 in respect of the contravention of section 102(8) and, in the event of failure to comply with the associated requirement, a daily rate penalty of £200 starting from 12 February 2026 until the section 102(8) duty is complied with or 13 April 2026, whichever is sooner. On 20 November 2025, Ofcom provisionally determined that there were reasonable grounds to believe Kick Online had failed, and was failing, to comply with section 12 of the Online Safety Act and therefore issued a provisional notice of contravention to Kick Online on 19 November 2025 under section 130 of the Act. The notice also set out Ofcom's provisional view that Kick Online had infringed its duties under section 102(8) of the Act by failing to respond to a statutory request for information issued as part of the investigation. On 28 August 2025, Ofcom expanded its investigation into Kick Online Entertainment S.A. to include consideration of whether Kick Online Entertainment S.A. had failed, or was failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to an information notice sent on 30 July 2025 under section 100 of the Act.

Ofcom is investigating whether Trendio Ltd has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to prevent children from encountering pornographic content on its service through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 19 November 2025, Ofcom closed its investigation into Trendio Ltd in relation to the adult sites www.theyarehuge.com, www.tranny.one, www. ah-me.com, www. ashemale.one, www. bdsm.one, www.bemyhole.com, www.gaygo.tv, www.gayxo.com, www.shemale.pub, www.sunporno.com, and www.yesvids.com. In response to Ofcom's investigation, Trendio Ltd provided information indicating that it had taken steps in good faith towards compliance by the deadline. As such, Ofcom did not consider it appropriate to continue the investigation and therefore closed its investigation without making any findings as to Trendio Ltd’s compliance with its duties, either currently or prior to its confirmation that it had taken steps to comply with the Act.

Ofcom is investigating whether the online discussion board 4chan, has failed, or is currently failing, to comply with its obligations under the Online Safety Act 2023. Ofcom's investigation will focus on potential breaches in the following areas: - Failure to respond to a statutory information request; -Failure to prevent children from encountering pornographic content through the use of highly effective age assurance; - Failure to complete and keep a record of a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment; and - Non-compliance with the safety duties about illegal content.

On 21 April 2026, Ofcom published a non-confidential version of the Confirmation Decision issued to 4chan on 19 March 2026 in relation to its failure to comply with its duties under sections 9(2), 10(5) and 12 of the Online Safety Act 2023 in respect of 4chan.org. On 19 March 2026, Ofcom issued 4chan with a Confirmation Decision in relation to its failure to comply with its duties under sections 9(2), 10(5) and 12 of the Act in respect of 4chan.org. In respect of these failures, Ofcom imposed on 4chan a requirement to carry out a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment in respect of 4chan.org by 2 April 2026, a single penalty of £50,000 and, in the case of continued non-compliance, an additional daily rate penalty of £200 per day, starting from the day after the deadline for complying with the requirements until the date on which section 9(2) is complied with or, if sooner, 1 June 2026. On 12 February 2026, Ofcom issued 4chan with a provisional notice of contravention, as Ofcom considered that there were reasonable grounds for believing that the platform had contravened its duties under sections 9, 10 and 12 of the OSA. On 4 December 2025, Ofcom expanded its investigation to include consideration of whether there were reasonable grounds to believe that 4chan had failed, or was failing, to comply with its duties under section 12 of the Act. On 18 November 2025, Ofcom published a non-confidential version of the Confirmation Decision issued to 4chan on 13 October 2025 in relation to its failure to comply with two information notices under section 102(8)(a) of the Act. On 13 October 2025, Ofcom issued 4chan with a Confirmation Decision in relation to its failure to comply with two statutory information requests, imposing a fixed penalty of £20,000 on 4chan in respect of both breaches. 4chan was also required to take immediate steps to comply with section 102(8)(a). On 13 August 2025, Ofcom issued 4chan Community Support LLC with a provisional notice of contravention, having been satisfied that there were reasonable grounds for believing the provider had contravened its duties under section 102(8) of the Act to comply with two requests for information.

Ofcom is investigating whether First Time Videos LLC has failed/is failing to comply with its duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 to protect children from encountering pornographic content through the use of highly effective age assurance.

On 31 July 2026, Ofcom published a non-confidential version of the confirmation decision issued to First Time Videos LLC on 18 June 2026. On 18 June 2026, Ofcom issued a Confirmation Decision to First Time Videos LLC in relation to its failure to comply with Section 81 of the Act. Ofcom also imposed a penalty of £80,000 on the company for the contravention. On 31 March 2026, Ofcom provisionally determined that there are reasonable grounds to believe that First Time Videos LLC has failed to comply with section 81 of the Online Safety Act. Ofcom therefore issued a provisional notice of contravention to First Time Videos LLC under section 130 of the Act. On 15 January 2026, Ofcom expanded the investigation to include a consideration of whether First Time Videos LLC has failed, or is failing, to comply with its duty to respond accurately to a formal information notice sent under the Act, following its failure to respond to a formal information notice issued under Section 100 of the Act.